orion nebula filter

The Orion Nebula is a picture book of star formation, from the massive, young stars that are shaping the nebula to the pillars of dense gas that may be the homes of budding stars. The second method is a personal recommendation for the best filter to use on the given object, based mainly on a overall visual judgment, and thus is even more a matter of opinion and taste. It is 1,344 ± 20 light-years (412.1 ± 6.1 pc) away and is the closest region of massive star formation to Earth. In summary, the broad band “light pollution” filter can be somewhat useful in compensating for some light pollution, but may not be the most impressive filter intended for deep-sky use. OIII: (0) No Horsehead seen. H-BETA: (0) Dims the nebula almost to extinction, showing less than the Deep-Sky. However, for some of these “OIII objects”, a few people may still prefer a narrow-band filter over the OIII for the somewhat brighter image it may yield, particularly at powers in the upper half of the 3.5x-9.9x per inch range). The initial results were presented on January 5th, 2000 to the AMASTRO mailing list, as well as being archived on several Internet locations. There are a number of different filters available on the market today for improving the views of various Deep-Sky objects, with most coming in one of three classes: 1. UHC: (4) Darkens the sky background and enhances the nebula, making both shells quite easy to see. Getting some observational experience with the Lumicon line of filters helped, but there were still some unanswered questions. (5): Very Large Improvement over no filter. When visible, it appears as a weak dark gap in the dim north-south nebulosity, and the shape is hard to see. UHC: (3) Faint nebulosity now visible over entire field, nearly a degree wide, but only the area W.S.W. Two methods were used for indicating roughly how well each filter worked on a given object. TOTAL 1st and 2nd RECOMMENDATIONS for UHC: 88 objects. Sh2-112 (Diffuse Nebula in Cygnus N.W. DEEP-SKY: (2) not easily seen except as a vague elongated brightening in a rich star background. What Nebulas Are Best To Observe? Its a stellar nursery where new stars are being formed. H-BETA: (3) better than in OIII with a little detail. However, in general, lower power tended to be somewhat better, especially for the larger and more diffuse objects. Brighter nebulae benefit from increased contrast, and hard-to-see nebulae become visible. RECOMMENDATION FOR vdB93: H-BETA/UHC (OIII not recommended). Only central area around the star remains visible. Mounted the D850 DSLR at prime focus using the Starizona Filter Slider System. The clash of dark and bright nebulosity in the heart of the nebula is pure turmoil, as if the observer were cast into an oncoming thunderstorm. OIII: (4) Darkens the nebula and the background still further, but slight increase in contrast noted. There are some filter manufacturers that have appropriated the “UHC” label from Lumicon without permission and put it on filters that are a little too broad to be considered narrow-band nebula filters. OIII: (4) nice high contrast a bit better than UHC. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR NGC 7000: OIII/UHC (near tie) but both H-BETA and DEEP-SKY are useful on the object. I had a lot of issues last night. Orion Nebula One Click. Orion 5654 1.25-Inch UltraBlock NarrowBand Filter $80. UHC: (3) slightly better than in Deep-sky filter (irregular detail). RECOMMENDATION FOR IC 410: OIII/UHC. DEEP-SKY: (1) object only suggested and not clearly seen. The bright central region is the home of the four heftiest stars in the nebula. Hints of other nebulosity. UHC: (4) detailed arc-like irregular nebulosity running east-west and then curving south with darker inclusion along southwest side. TOTAL 1st and 2nd RECOMMENDATIONS for OIII: 56 objects. I formulated a basic survey covering a moderate number of emission and planetary nebulae to obtain some statistics on filter performance to try to address the following questions: 1. In addition, larger versions of these broadband filters which fit over camera lenses can be somewhat useful for photography of wide star fields when some skyglow is present. And each type of filter works best within specific exit pupil ranges. H-BETA best on 16 nebulae, second best on 2 nebulae. The original true-color data was combined with greyscale images shot using a 12nm Ha filter to produce a hybrid image that shows off the intense glowing hydrogen gas … DEEP-SKY: (3) diffuse oval faint fuzzy patch, slight southern extension. Sh2-157 (“fingers” diffuse nebula in Cassiopeia). Reduced size to 50% to provided sharpness without noise. (OIII not recommended), Sh2-254-5-6-7-8 (dim nebular complex in northern Orion: IC 2162). H-BETA: (3) Much of the fainter outer areas of the nebula vanish, but fan-like main portion and M43 remain, with interesting contrast and changes in detail visible, including a brighter linear arc in the western part of the fan. Thus, the choice between the two filters (narrow-band vs. OIII) can sometimes be more a personal preference (i.e. DEEP-SKY: (2) A bit better than no filter, but object is still easily seen as a dim roughly circular irregular patch in some stars without a filter. DEEP-SKY: (2) makes it stand out a bit better. H-BETA: (0) Dims it nearly to extinction. OIII: (4) darkens the background and also shows hints of the outer shell. H-BETA: (2) fainter than the UHC, but shows about as much detail as UHC. DEEP-SKY: (2) slight increase in contrast with nebula easier to see than without a filter (but still visible without a filter). DEEP-SKY: (3) Some improvement in visibility of outer haze off the sides of the dumbell, but the object is also slightly fainter. OIII: (5) ENORMOUS INCREASE IN CONTRAST AND DETAIL with wonderful fine filaments and strands visible even between the two main arcs, making the entire complex closely resemble its photograph. IC 5067-70 PELICAN NEBULA (diffuse nebula in Cygnus). UHC: (2) Slightly better than Deep-Sky, but still marginal glow. Furthermore, the object tends to move while images are recorded. H-BETA: (3) Faint narrow glow visible both over the belt and curving down southeast along Orion’s southeastern side. OIII: (5) Complete oval ring with glowing interior and slightly higher contrast than with UHC, but overall nebulosity is fainter than with UHC. Narrow-band “Nebula” filters, as the name implies, are mainly designed for viewing many emission nebulae. However, the OIII filter really dims the view of star clusters and galaxies even more than the narrow band filters do, although observers with large telescopes may find the OIII useful for bringing out a few emission nebulae in other galaxies, like the HII regions in M33. UHC: (4) boosted contrast and brought out outer nebulosity better. DEEP-SKY: (2) somewhat more contrast than without a filter. IC 405 FLAMING STAR NEBULA (diffuse emission/reflection nebula in Auriga). It’s being energized by a quartet of hot young stars, called the Trapezium, located near the center of the blister. If you want a UHC filter, and want something really outstanding, try the Orion 5654 1.25-Inch UltraBlock NarrowBand Filter from Orion Telescopes. DEEP-SKY: (2) Very faint large elongated (east-west) glow around a few stars. Interior seems brighter and bigger, with interesting greenish glow. DEEP-SKY: (2) Little change is seen from viewing without a filter. Nice dark background. OIII: (3) Dims the nebula slightly, giving a jet black sky background and a bit more interior contrast (but not much more detail). DEEP-SKY: (2) Nebula is now barely visible around cluster Stock 8. Hints of faint outer wings. “Wings” off the sides not as extensive, as in UHC but still visible. H-BETA: (3): more contrast than UHC but a bit dimmer. H-BETA: (1) Very faint glow around the star cluster, not much better than without a filter (but much dimmer). H-BETA: (3) Almost as much nebulosity visible as in UHC, but dimmer. UHC: (3) noticeable improvement in contrast with central core region now seeming much brighter and outer E-W flarings much easier to see. Orion 5654 1.25-Inch UltraBlock NarrowBand Filter $80. High-quality filter designed to enhance your views of Emission Nebulae such as the Swan, Lagoon, and the Orion Nebula. UHC: (3) much higher contrast showing a faint glowing oval. H-Beta: (1), dims the object but does not extinguish it. UHC: (3): slightly more contrast than Deep-Sky, but fainter. As time went on, additional objects were added, and expanded observations with other wider-field instruments were done. Both eyes visible with hints of irregular outer edge structure. DEEP-SKY: (2) Very slight increase in contrast over non-filtered view. UHC: (3): faint diffuse “L”-shaped patch with irregular edges. Nebula appears much larger (nearly a degree wide) with some detail enhancement, especially in the outer regions. This is one reason why experienced observers often have *both* a narrow-band nebula filter *and* an OIII line filter to cover all the bases. DEEP-SKY: (2) nebula is a large very faint glow which is brightest around one star near the south end. According to Lumicon: As filter bandpass decreases, optimum exit pupil size tends to increase. OIII: (2) Still visible, but fainter than in UHC. The instruments and powers used were:  10 inch f/5.6 Newtonian (52x, 71x, 104x, and 141x),  9.25 inch f/10 SCT (59x, 98x), 8 inch f/5 Newtonian (32x),  100mm f/6 refractor (15x, 22x). H-BETA: (4) Small arc and one other faint patch north of AE with a bit more contrast, and large fainter diffuse extension to the east and south. By using a variety of powers, it was discovered that in general, the narrow-band and line filters tend to perform best at from about 3.6x per inch of aperture (7mm exit pupil) to around 9.9x per inch of aperture (2.6mm exit pupil) with slightly better overall performance often seen in the lower half of this range (especially for the OIII and H-Beta filters). More contrast than Deep-Sky or UHC. The broadband Deep-Sky filter almost always produced at least some gain in contrast for nearly every object observed (especially when some skyglow was present), but rarely produced a spectacular improvement of the view. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IC 5146: H-BETA/UHC *near tie* (OIII not recommended). DEEP-SKY: (2) Nice faint round puff around a faint star, easier to see than without a filter. Nebula almost gone. *** SCORING TOTALS FOR NEBULAE SO FAR SURVEYED ***, DEEP-SKY. OIII: (2) Dimmer than in UHC, but somewhat higher contrast. PK64+5.1 “CAMPBELL’S HYDROGEN STAR” Cygnus (Henize 2-438, PNG 64.7+5.0). Thousand Oaks also makes an H-Beta (LP-4) as does Astronomik. Astrophotography and electron cryo-microscopy have much in common: In both cases, the objective is to take an image of a very dim object (dim = low-dose in the case of cryo-EM) with an optical instrument. Even those accounts that were available often had incomplete or inaccurate information. UHC: (4) Large increase in contrast over Deep-Sky filter, showing a large circular area of haze with vague irregular interior dark detail. UHC: (3) Noticable boost in contrast, showing some irregularity and a brighter portion around a tiny group of stars. One eye and hints of the other are seen. The nebula we call M42 is a luminous “blister” about 25 light-years wide on the side of the Orion Molecular Cloud facing us. RECOMMENDATION FOR NGC 7048: OIII/UHC (H-Beta *not* recommended!). OIII: (4) Considerable increase in contrast, almost “blinking” over UHC and unfiltered views. H-BETA: (0) Really kills the nebula (barely visible). UHC: (4) Noticable improvement in contrast and detail, appearing larger than with Deep-Sky filter, and containing some dark detail. When I started using them in the early 1980’s, specific information about which filter might work on a given object (or even whether certain filters were useful at all) was often hard to come by. DEEP-SKY: (3) A moderate boost in contrast can be seen, and much more outlying nebulosity is visible. 9.25 inch SCT at 59x shows triangular arc east of AE with 2nd fainter patch north. OIII: (2) dimmer than in UHC but still shows some hints of detail. DEEP-SKY: (2) Brings out a large faint diffuse nebulosity in two elongated segments with a darker area between them east of Gamma Cygni. *Provided at least some slight improvement for *all* nebulae surveyed. Considering that the Moon was 85% illuminated and at altitude ~47°, only separated from M42 by ~31°, we were blown seeing the result. This may be due at least in part to the fact that many of the so-called “H-beta objects”, are low excitation very faint nebulae, and thus are near or beyond the visual limits of my ten inch. RECOMMENDATION FOR Sh-2-112: OIII/UHC (H-beta not recommended). DEEP-SKY: (2) very faint glow around a single star with hints of detail (much easier to see than without a filter). UHC: (1) Only hint of nebulosity visible. For recommendations, if you can afford only one filter, get a narrowband filter like the DGM NPB, Lumicon UHC, Thousand Oaks Narrowband LP-2, or Orion Ultrablock (whichever is least expensive at the time). ). UHC: (4) Anses become more spike-like, with noticeable increase in contrast. The object list was later expanded to include some plotted on URANOMETRIA 2000.0 (2nd edition), and the software atlas MEGASTAR 5.0. Fairly easy in 100mm f/6 scope with some vague detail although not bright. HA,SII, OII. Orion Nebula Jim DeLillo. DEEP-SKY: (2) does show the ansae on each end of the planetary a bit better, in the form of two small puffs. Other observers would doubtless have somewhat differing views on recommendations for the specific objects which were observed. UHC: (4) Large increase in visible nebulosity, showing wide diffuse fan of light in the shape of a broad “T”. OIII: (4): Higher contrast in inner regions (especially the bar), but outer-most nebulosity dimmed. with NGC 1893 in Auriga). NGC 7009 SATURN NEBULA (planetary nebula in Aquarius). OIII: (4) noticeably darker than UHC, but a little higher contrast. UHC: (4) boost in contrast, becoming very patchy but still dim. OIII: (4) more contrast than UHC showing darker center and annularity. 4. Hints of annularity. The OIII also tends to require a slightly lower magnification range for best results than the UHC did. The patches off to the sides of the dumbell look like partial loops. RECOMMENDATION FOR NGC 1360: OIII/UHC (H-beta *not* recommended). H-BETA: (1) really dims it but is still visible. (H-beta *not* recommended). RECOMMENDATION FOR NGC 2392: OIII/UHC. (8 inch f/5, 32x, 10 inch f/5.6, 52x, 9.25 inch SCT, 59x). H-BETA: (2) visible with slight structure. Many nebulae show a slightly larger area of nebulosity in the UHC filter with slightly higher brightness, but in the OIII filter, they will often have more contrast and dark detail. H-BETA: (2), nebula is still visible, but not quite as good as in UHC/OIII. Is there one overall “best” nebula filter which will work on the largest number of objects? In technical terms, M42 is an emission nebula. Observatory Update: Announcing an Apparently Unknown Virgo Cluster Galaxy, Useful Filters For Viewing Deep-Sky Objects, Filter Performance Comparisons For Some Common Nebulae, Measuring Reflectivity Of Secondary Mirrors, Construction Reports for The Boller-Sivill Observatory. We used a one shot color APS-C camera for that shot along with the Triad Ultra filter. UHC: (4) nice increase in contrast, but still easy without a filter. Sh2-276 “BARNARD’S LOOP” (diffuse nebula in Orion). IC 1318 GAMMA CYGNI NEBULA (diffuse nebula in Cygnus). OIII: (3) nebula visible, but fainter than UHC with a bit more contrast. Very faint, but noticeably easier to see than in UHC filter. Outer shell just visible with averted vision. Finally, to see more detail of the object and suppress noise, images are averaged in both techniques. The Orion Nebula (also known as Messier 42, M42, or NGC 1976) is a diffuse nebula situated in the Milky Way, being south of Orion's Belt in the constellation of Orion. The H-Beta tended to be most useful on a more limited number of objects (about 17% of the 95 objects surveyed) than either the UHC or the OIII filters. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR Sh2-311: UHC/Deep-Sky (H-Beta not recommended), vdB93 (Gum-1) (diffuse nebula in Monoceros near IC 2177). More nebulosity visible than in Deep-Sky, but still somewhat small. Two other faint patches visible slightly away from the north one. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IC 5067: UHC/OIII,  Deep-sky also useful on the object (UHC was brighter, but OIII shows more detail). NGC 3242 “GHOST OF JUPITER” (planetary in Hydra). Photographic use of these narrow band filters is also not recommended. DEEP-SKY: (2) very faint diffuse area of haze around two widely-spaced stars (better contrast than without a filter). NGC 2237-9 “ROSETTE NEBULA” (diffuse nebula in Monoceros). H-Beta: (1) fainter than Deep-Sky, UHC, or no filter. OIII: (4) Higher contrast and slightly more sharpness than in the UHC, with brighter “spine” on east side of “Mexico” and some faint dark detail being easy to see, but nebula is somewhat fainter than in UHC. DEEP-SKY: (3) Some increase in contrast, with a bit more nebulosity visible than without a filter. : nearly equal or beneficial performance), both filters would be given the recommendation for the object, with the one yielding the better overall view being listed first and the “close second” best listed next to it. Some irregular interior detail and central star noted. H-Beta: (3) larger area of nebulosity than the other filters with darker background and additional nebulosity away from small sub-cluster. Some of the prominent nebulae to observe with a narrowband filter are: Orion nebula, Swan nebula, and Lagoon Nebula. DEEP-SKY: (3) Noticeably improves the contrast with the dark lane-like detail visible. /// BY PHIL HARRINGTON Secret weapons ... objects like the Orion Nebula (M42) and the Crab Nebula (M1), as well as on some H-BETA: (3): shows some interesting filamentary detail, but not as bright or  as detailed as in UHC. DEEP-SKY: (3) Improves the contrast and brings out the wispy arc-like cusp on the eastern end. The stars are called the Trapezium because they are arranged in a trapezoid pattern. UHC: (3): Object is larger with slightly better definition than in Deep-sky. However, these “nebula” filters usually slightly reduce the brightness of most star clusters, reflection nebulae, and galaxies, although in moderate light pollution, a narrow-band filter may still be of some use on these objects with larger apertures. OIII: (4) Dimmer than in UHC, but more dark detail visible with faint outer loop-like structure visible arcing south, almost connecting the two patches. All that being said, the easiest Nebula to see with any telescope, even the smaller ones, is the Orion Nebula. *NOT* recommended on 6 nebulae. RECOMMENDATION FOR M42: UHC/OIII (near-tie)*. OIII: (4) More contrast than in UHC, with dark detail and arc-like forms in the main shell. Lumicon, a major supplier of filters, has published a breakdown of the optimum exit pupils for each of its filters. Detectable in 100mm f/6. ), NGC 6905 (“the Blue Flash” planetary Nebula in Delphinus). H-beta *not* recommended! DEEP-SKY: (2) slight increase in contrast making the nebula faintly visible. (100mm f/6, 15x, 8 inch f/5 Newtonian at 32x). RECOMMENDATION FOR IC 1848: UHC (H-beta *not* recommended), IC 2177: (“Seagull Nebula” diffuse Nebula, Monoceros). H-BETA: (4) more contrast and a bit more nebulosity visible. RECOMMENDATION FOR NGC 6543: OIII/UHC (H-Beta *not* recommended). Orion Nebula Ana Monnaco. UHC: (4) really makes the nebula almost blaze out and hints at large faint irregular outer shell. DEEP-SKY: (3) moderate increase in contrast over non-filtered view. 207 points, average rating 2.18. M76 “MINI-DUMBELL” or BUTTERFLY NEBULA (planetary nebula in Perseus). DEEP SKY: (2) Faint diffuse nebulosity is slightly easier to see than without a filter. DEEP-SKY: (2) large dim roughly circular fuzzy patch with slightly darker middle, easier to see than without a filter, but does not have a lot of  contrast. Because urban and suburban observing conditions varied so much, I decided to do the observations at a consistently dark sky site to see what filters could do under nearly optimal conditions. UHC: (4) Much higher contrast than with Deep-Sky filter. When objects were best seen in two filters (i.e. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR M27: UHC (OIII also useful in showing some inner detail, but H-BETA is NOT recommended). The UHC filter is the perfect choice for the deep sky observer East edge of IC 434 seems brighter than the rest of the nebula with the H-beta. Line Filters are very narrow passband specialty units which are designed to let in only one or two spectral lines from emission nebulae, such as the close pair of Oxygen III lines or the Hydrogen-Beta line. UHC: (3) Horsehead now stands out weakly from dim glow, showing some of the horsehead shape with averted vision, a definite improvement over no filter or the DEEP-SKY. Narrow-Band “Nebula” filters, and 3: Line filters. NGC 7635 BUBBLE NEBULA (diffuse nebula in Cassiopeia). OIII: (4) fainter, but more dark detail, with “Y” shape to the nebula.. H-Beta: (3) fainter than OIII, but still visible (better than Deep-Sky). DEEP-SKY best on 7 nebulae, second best on 3 nebulae. UHC: (3) Higher contrast, with nebula now a fairly well-defined moderate-sized dim disk with hints of brightness variations in the interior. DEEP-SKY: (2) dimly visible as a very faint glow but not without the filter. OIII: (2) Fainter than UHC, but still visible. (H-Beta *not* recommended). OIII: (2) Fainter but shows more enhancement in several dark lane-like structures. DEEP-SKY: (2) Nebula visible as a very faint diffuse glow with irregularities around and to the east of AE Aur. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR Sh2-254 complex: H-BETA/UHC (near tie). OIII: (1) Nebulosity is quite dim in a very dark field. H-BETA: (1) Darkest of all three filters, but the nebula remains visible with detail similar to that of OIII. Baader’s OIII filter has a very very narrow passband width which has tended to cut into the 4959 angstrom OIII emission line a bit, although many amateurs still report good results with that filter. UHC: (2) Slight increase in contrast over the Deep-Sky filter, making the edges of the nebula slightly easier to see, but nebula is still somewhat difficult. TOTAL 1st and 2nd RECOMMENDATIONS for DEEP-SKY: 10 objects. Mounted the D850 DSLR at prime focus using the Starizona Filter Slider System. OIII: (2) still visible but much fainter than in UHC. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR NGC 7129-33: UHC/OIII, NGC 7139 (faint planetary nebula in Cepheus). In that case it may be better to use slightly higher power on some of the smaller objects to dilute the light pollution effect a bit. IC 410 (Nebula assoc. Inserted the Explore Scientific 2" UHC Filter. In the summer of 1999, I decided to begin some more comprehensive observations to try and answer these questions and determine how to best use these filters overall. DEEP-SKY: (2) dim diffuse glow not visible without filters. OIII: (4) Increase in contrast over the UHC. Thousand Oaks has produced its own Oxygen III filter (the “OIII LP-3 filter”), as has Astronomik, Meade, Orion, and a number of other outlets. OIII: (5) Slightly fainter than in the UHC, but shows slightly more contrast and dark detail than UHC does. Light Pollution and various “nebula” filters have been around since the late 1970’s, and amateurs have been using them ever since to bring out detail (and even some objects) which were difficult to impossible to see before in modest apertures. Some of the outermost nebulosity fades, but detail in inner regions is remarkable. OIII: (4) Even more contrast than UHC, with clear interior arc-like detail, but central star much fainter. I wondered how the various filters would rank on-average against each other for a large number of objects, and whether there was a “best overall” filter. DEEP-SKY: (2) Diffuse haze around a weak open star cluster, quite large with some vague brightness irregularities and a possible dark inclusion in the south side (B161). 3. OIII: (3) some increase in contrast, slightly fainter than in UHC. The NPB, and Meade Narrowband also have a deep-red passband for the Hydrogen Alpha line. The UHC filter is the best all-around dark-sky nebula filter. H-BETA: (0): nearly obliterates the object. (H-Beta *not* recommended). M97 “OWL NEBULA” (planetary nebula in Ursa Major). UHC: (4) Significant improvement in contrast, with nebula appearing larger and noticeably oval. DEEP-SKY: (2) Nebular overall form is easier to see than without a filter, but only slightly. H-BETA: (1): much fainter (only the innermost shell is easily seen). OIII: (3) fainter than in UHC, but still visible. It is 1,344 ± 20 light-years (412.1 ± 6.1 pc) away and is the closest region of massive star formation to Earth. DEEP-SKY: (2) Vague diffuse oval fuzzy area around a bright star. The beauty with narrowband filters is that because they filter out such a err, narrowband of light the light pollution is completely removed from the captured light. UHC: (3): Increased contrast (Sh2-257 now brightest of the three large ones). H-BETA: (3) similar to OIII view but slightly fainter. The nebula we call M42 is a luminous “blister” about 25 light-years wide on the side of the Orion Molecular Cloud facing us. 5. UHC: (4) Higher contrast than in Deep-sky, with arc like detail off of a central oval ring-like mass. OIII: (4) dimmer, but contrast is a bit higher. In the line filter category, the Oxygen III (OIII) filter is the real standout. OIII: (4) Fainter than UHC, but the nebula now envelopes the star in a diffuse faint haze. UHC: (3) Slight increase in contrast showing patch just north-east of AE. Narrow-band filters darken the background skyglow significantly without hurting the nebula, and are often of considerable help when observing in mild to moderate light pollution.

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